← All 785 jobsFile 23-1021
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Mostly untouched
AI barely touches this work so far. The BLS expects the number of these jobs to hold steady to 2035.
Legal work often runs on specialised, compliant AI tools that consumer Copilot data does not see, so this file probably understates how much AI touches it.
- Rank
- #356 of 785 jobs, by how much of the work AI does
- US jobs, 2025 to 2035
- 0% All jobs: +3.5%
- Median US pay
- $117,860 a year, 2025
- People doing it
- 17,400 in the US, with about 500 openings a year
The work, 11 activities
The job description, marked up.
Every activity in this job, the biggest first. Tap a line for the evidence.
- deleAI does this
- +AIAI helps
- stetStill yours
Still yours: Make legal decisions20%
Barely appears in AI conversations: fewer than 1 in 2,000.
AI helps with this: Consult legal materials or public records17%
People asked AI for help with this in about 1 in 748 conversations, and it got them there 81% of the time.
AI does this: Advise others on legal or regulatory matters12%
AI performed this in about 1 in 456 Copilot conversations and completed it 93% of the time.
Still yours: Direct legal activities10%
Barely appears in AI conversations: fewer than 1 in 2,000.
Still yours: Record information about legal matters9%
Barely appears in AI conversations: fewer than 1 in 2,000.
AI does this: Research laws, precedents, or other legal data8%
AI performed this in about 1 in 1,733 Copilot conversations and completed it 92% of the time.
AI helps with this: Investigate criminal or legal matters6%
People asked AI for help with this in about 1 in 1,075 conversations, and it got them there 83% of the time.
Still yours: Authorize business activities or transactions6%
Barely appears in AI conversations: fewer than 1 in 2,000.
Still yours: Interview people to obtain information5%
People try AI for this, but it seldom finishes the work in full.
Still yours: Prepare legal or regulatory documents3%
Barely appears in AI conversations: fewer than 1 in 2,000.
Still yours: Perform court-related or other legal administrative activities3%
Barely appears in AI conversations: fewer than 1 in 2,000.
2025 to 2035
Ten years from now.
For every 100 of these jobs in 2025, the BLS projects 100 in 2035. Across all US jobs, about 104.
About 500 openings a year, from growth and from people who retire or move on.
Nearby
Where your skills travel.
Jobs that share the most work with this one, where AI does less of it.
- Shares 72% of the workJudges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates7% AI does, against 20% here+2.8% by 2035 · $153,990 · Doctoral or professional degree
- Shares 44% of the workJudicial Law Clerks9% AI does, against 20% here+2.8% by 2035 · $64,920 · Doctoral or professional degree
- Shares 26% of the workTitle Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers0% AI does, against 20% here+2.1% by 2035 · $58,650 · High school diploma
How to read this file.
deleAI does this. In US Bing Copilot conversations from January to September 2024, AI itself performed the activity, completed it and made a real difference often enough to count.
+AIAI helps. People brought the activity to AI as their own goal, and it usually got them there.
stetStill yours. It barely shows up in AI use, AI rarely finishes it, or in this job it needs hands.
Shares are weighted by how much each activity matters in the job, using O*NET. Microsoft’s own AI applicability score for this job is 0.14, higher than 49% of jobs.
Doing an activity is not doing a job. The researchers behind this data warn against reading it as job loss, and so do we. It is US data; the shape of the work travels.
Legal work often runs on specialised, compliant AI tools that consumer Copilot data does not see, so this file probably understates how much AI touches it.
Sources: Microsoft Research, Working with AI (2025) · O*NET OnLine, 23-1021 · BLS Employment Projections 2025 to 2035
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